Branch: LogicE[id:25]Introduction Logic is a discipline of mathematics analyzing the methods of reasoning. Historical notes The Greek Aristotle (384-322 BCE) studied the properties of so called premisses, i.e. statements, in which the subject of the first statement is the predicate of the second statement. Aristotle observed that the truth of two such sentences guarantees the truth a third sentence, their conclusion. Aristotle called his observation syllogism. For instance:
He also observed that the syllogism can be used as a tool (Greek organon “Oργανον”) to distinguish between valid arguments and invalid ones. The above syllogism identifies a valid argument, since the two first sentences are a) true and b) they are a premise. In contrast, the three sentences
are not a syllogism and thus they do not constitute a valid argument, since the first two sentences are not a premise. Even if they were a premise, they would not guarantee the truth of the conclusion, if they were not true themselves. As an example, look at the three sentences
Subordinated Structure: Contribute to BoP: add a new Part N add a new Motivation N add a new Example N add a new Application N add a new Explanation N add a new Interpretation N add a new Axiom N add a new Definition N add a new Proposition N add a new Lemma N add a new Theorem N add a new Algorithm N add a new Open Problem N add a new Bibliography (Branch) N add a new Comment (Branch) N |
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