Definition: Quadratic Residue, Quadratic Nonresidue 

Let $m > 0$ be a positive integer. An integer $n\in\mathbb Z$ is called a quadratic residue modulo $m,$ if the congruence $$x^2(m)\equiv n(m)$$ is solvable, otherwise it is called a quadratic nonresidue.

Examples

• For the module $m=1$, any integers $n$ is a residue, since $x^2(1)\equiv 0 (1)\equiv n(1)$ is always solvable.
• If $n=0,$ $n=1,$ or $n$ is a perfect square, then $n$ is a quadratic residue modulo any positive integer $m > 0.$

| | | | | created: 2019-05-12 08:45:49 | modified: 2019-05-12 09:34:21 | by: bookofproofs | references: [1272]